Chorezmas

Chorezmis (Mohammad ebne Mūsā Khwārazmī, pers. محمد بن موسی خوارزمی, g. 780 m. m. Chorezme, dabartinėje Chyvoje – m. 850 m. Bagdade) – uzbekų kilmės arabų matematikas ir astronomas.

Didžiąją dalį gyvenimo praleido dirbdamas Bagdade.

Išleido veikalą „Knyga apie atstatymą ir priešpastatymą“, kuris laikomas pirmuoju algebros vadovėliu, sudarė veiksmų dešimtainėje pozicinėje sistemoje taisykles.

Chorezmis laikomas algebros, kaip atskiros mokslo šakos, pradininku. Algoritmas, viena iš pagrindinių matematikos sąvokų, pavadinta lotynizuotu Chorezmo vardu „Algorithmi”.

Algoritmas ir arithmos.

From O.Fr. algorisme "the Arabic numeral system".

Al-Khwarizmi.

algebra (n.)
1550s, from M.L. algebra, from Arabic al jebr "reunion of broken parts," as in computation, used 9c. by Baghdad mathematician Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi as the title of his famous treatise on equations ("Kitab al-Jabr w'al-Muqabala" "Rules of Reintegration and Reduction"), which also introduced Arabic numerals to the West. The accent shifted 17c. from second syllable to first. The word was used in English 15c.-16c. to mean "bone-setting," probably from Arab medical men in Spain.

algorithm (n.)
1690s, from Fr. algorithme, refashioned (under mistaken connection with Gk. arithmos "number") from O.Fr. algorisme "the Arabic numeral system" (13c.), from M.L. algorismus, a mangled transliteration of Arabic al-Khwarizmi "native of Khwarazm," surname of the mathematician whose works introduced sophisticated mathematics to the West (see algebra). The earlier form in Middle English was algorism (early 13c.), from Old French.

The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in his Muʿǧam al-buldan wrote that the name was a compound (in Persian) of khwar (خوار), and razm (رزم), referring to the abundance of cooked fish as a main diet of the peoples of this area.

Žuvis.

Разум.

Charizma ir Χορασμία.

Graikų civilizacija vėlesnė.

The English term charisma is from the Greek χάρισμα khárisma, which means "favor freely given" or "gift of grace."

charisma (n.)
"gift of leadership, power of authority," c.1930, from German, used in this sense by Max Weber (1864-1920) in "Wirtschaft u. Gesellschaft" (1922), from Gk. kharisma "favor, divine gift," from kharizesthai "to show favor to," from kharis "grace, beauty, kindness" (Charis was the name of one of the three attendants of Aphrodite) related to khairein "to rejoice at," from PIE root *gher- "to desire, like" (see hortatory). More mundane sense of "personal charm" recorded by 1959.

Earlier, the word had been used in English with a sense of "grace, talent from God" (1875), directly from Latinized Greek; and in the form charism (pl. charismata) it is attested in English from 1640s. Middle English, meanwhile, had karisme "spiritual gift, divine grace" (c.1500).

Charis or Haris is a name derived from Greek Χάρις meaning grace, kindness.

Hari.

Харя...

Character.

Chorus.

Dar į Rytus.

Harrison ~ Hare Krishna.

Namo.