"Manheteno ryte":
Vilniaus valkatos
Nuo ko gi prasidėjo ši jau prieštaringai vertinama Didžioji prancūzų revoliucija?
Nuo finansinės krizės:
Louis XVI ascended to the throne in the middle of a financial crisis in which the state was faced with a budget deficit and was nearing bankruptcy.[36] This was due in part to France's costly involvements in the Seven Years' Warand the American Revolution.[37] In May 1776, finance minister Turgot was dismissed, after failing to enact reforms. The next year, Jacques Necker, a foreigner, was appointed Comptroller-General of Finance. He could not be made an official minister because he was a Protestant.[38]
Necker realized that the country's extremely regressive tax system subjected the lower classes to a heavy burden,[38] while numerous exemptions existed for the nobility and clergy.[39] He argued that the country could not be taxed higher; that tax exemptions for the nobility and clergy must be reduced; and proposed that borrowing more money would solve the country's fiscal shortages. Necker published a report to support this claim that underestimated the deficit by roughly 36 million livres, and proposed restricting the power of the parlements.[38]
This was not received well by the King's ministers, and Necker, hoping to bolster his position, argued to be made a minister. The King refused, Necker was dismissed, and Charles Alexandre de Calonne was appointed to the Comptrollership.[38] Calonne initially spent liberally, but he quickly realised the critical financial situation and proposed a new tax code.[40]
The proposal included a consistent land tax, which would include taxation of the nobility and clergy. Faced with opposition from the parlements, Calonne organised the summoning of the Assembly of Notables. But the Assembly failed to endorse Calonne's proposals and instead weakened his position through its criticism. In response, the King announced the calling of the Estates-General for May 1789, the first time the body had been summoned since 1614. This was a signal that the Bourbon monarchy was in a weakened state and subject to the demands of its people.[41]
Nieko neprimena?
Konjunktūrinės revoliucijos priežastys buvo valstybės finansų krizė ir nederlius. Valstybės biudžetas buvo deficitinis, daugiausia dėl XVIII a. vykdytų karų ir milžiniškų karališkojo dvaro išlaidų. XVIII a. pab., kaiPrancūziją valdė Liudvikas XVI ir jo žmona, Austrijos imperatorės Marijos Teresės duktė Marija Antuanetė, karaliaus rūmuose buvo vis daugiau be saiko išlaidaujama.
:((
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