Kairas

Kairas (arab. القاهرة = al-Qāhirah, t. y. „nugalėtojas“) – miestas šiaurės Egipte, prie Viduržemio jūros, didžiausias šalies ir visos šiaurės Afrikos miestas. Tai ilgametė Egipto sostinė, kurioje gyvena 7,73 mln. gyventojų (su priemiesčiais apie 25 mln., 2005 m.). Svarbus transporto mazgas, tarptautinis oro uostas. Metalurgijos, mašinų, tekstilės, chemijos pramonė. Metalo ir odos dirbiniai. Yra metropolitenas, 4 universitetai, akademija, Egipto institutas, 10 muziejų (tarp jų – Egipto, koptų). Architektūra: ibn Tuluno mečetės (IX a.), Azharo mečetė (X a.), miesto vartai (XI a.), Kairo citadelė (XII a.), sultono Hasano mečetė (XIV a.), mameliukų mauzoliejai (XV–XVI a.).

El Giza – arabų statytas miestas, vakariniame Nilo krante, dabar tapęs Kairo dalimi.

Cairo (/ˈkaɪroʊ/ kye-roh; Arabic: القاهرة‎‎ al-Qāhirah, Coptic: ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ Kahire) is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world, and 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta,^[2][3] modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar al-Siqilli ("the Sicilian") of the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life, and is nicknamed "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture.

Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world, as well as the world's second-oldest* institution of higher learning, Al-Azhar University.

/ˈkaɪroʊ...

kairos

Al-Azhar University (ahz-har; Arabic: جامعة الأزهر (الشريف)‎‎ Jāmiʻat al-Azhar (al-Sharīf), IPA: [ˈɡæmʕet elˈʔɑzhɑɾ eʃʃæˈɾiːf], "the (honorable) Azhar University") is a university in Cairo, Egypt. Associated with Al-Azhar Mosque in Islamic Cairo, it is Egypt's oldest degree-granting university and is renowned as "Sunni Islam’s most prestigious university".^[3] In addition to higher education, Al-Azhar oversees a national network of schools with approximately two million students.^[4] As of 1996, over 4000 teaching institutes in Egypt were affiliated with the University.^[5]

Founded in 970 or 972 by the Fatimids as a centre of Islamic learning, its students studied the Qur'an and Islamic law in detail, along with logic, grammar, rhetoric, and how to calculate the phases of the moon.It was one of the first* universities in the world, and the only one in the Arabic world to survive as a modern university including secular subjects in the curriculum. 

* Seniausio universiteto durys...