Abiejų Tautų Respublika (Žečpospolita; lenk. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów...
Leon Lech Beynar
Beynar graduated from gymnasium (secondary school) in Wilno (Vilnius) and graduated in history from Stefan Batory University in Wilno (his thesis concerned the January Uprising).[1][2][4] At the university he was an active member of several organizations including Klub Intelektualistów (Intellectuals' Club) and Akademicki Klub Włóczęgów (Academic Club of Vagabonds). After graduating, he finished training for the officer cadet (podchorąży) in the Polish Army.[2] From 1928 to 1937 he lived in Grodno, where he worked as a history teacher in a gymnasium; later he was employed as an announcer for Polish Radio Wilno.[1][2][3] Here also, Beynar embarked on his career as author and essayist, writing for a Vilnius conservative newspaper, Słowo (The Word).[1] On 11 November 1934 he married Władysława Adamowicz, and in 1938 his daughter Ewa was born.[2] In 1935 he published his first history book – about King Sigismund II Augustus, Zygmunt August na ziemiach dawnego Wielkiego Księstwa (Sigismund Augustus on the Lands of the Former Grand Duchy [of Lithuania]).[1]
During World War II, Beynar was a soldier in the Polish Army, fighting the German Wehrmacht when it invaded Poland in September 1939.[1][3] He commanded a platoon near Sandomierz and was eventually taken prisoner by the Germans.[2] While in a temporary prisoner-of-war camp in Opatów, he was able to escape with the help of some old school friends from the time his family lived there in the early 1920s.[2] He joined the Polish underground organization, "Związek Walki Zbrojnej" (Association for Armed Combat), later transformed into the "Armia Krajowa" ("AK"; the Home Army), and continued the fight against the Germans.[1][3][4][5] In the resistance he had the rank of lieutenant, worked in the local Wilno headquarters and was an editor of an underground newspaper "Pobudka".[2][3] He was also involved in the underground teaching.[2][6] In July 1944 he took part in the operation aimed at the liberation of Wilno from the Germans (Operation Ostra Brama). In the wake of this operation, around 19–21 August, his partisan unit, like many others, was intercepted and attacked by the Soviets.[6] He was taken prisoner; sources vary as to whether he was to be exiled to Siberia[citation needed] or conscripted into the Polish People's Army.[6] Either way he escaped and rejoined AK partisans (the Home Army 5th Wilno Brigade).[3][5][7] For a while, he was an aide to Major Zygmunt Szendzielarz (Łupaszko) and was member of the anti-Soviet resistance, Wolność i Niezawisłość (WiN, Freedom and Independence). He was promoted to the rank of captain.[1][3][4][5] Wounded in August 1945, he left the Brigade before it was destroyed by the Soviets, and avoided the fate of most of its officers who were sentenced to death.[5][7] While recovering from his wounds, he found shelter in the village of Jasienica.[1][7]
Jasienica.
Jasienica book publishing begun with a historical book, Zygmunt August na ziemiach dawnego Wielkiego Księstwa (Sigismund Augustus in the lands of the former Grand Duchy; 1935). He is best known for his highly acclaimed[15] and popular[1] historical books from the 1960s about Piast Poland, Jagiellon Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Polska Piastów (Piast Poland, 1960), Polska Jagiellonów (Jagiellon Poland, 1963) and the trilogy Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów (The Commonwealth of Both Nations, 1967–1972).
... sąvoka „Abiejų tautų respublika“ atsirado tik 1967 metais ir ją sukūrė lenkų rašytojas Pavlas Jasenica ir ji stebėtinai greitai įsitvirtino visoje taip vadinamoje "akademinėje bendruomenėje" net nesusimąstant jog ta savoka yra Lietuvos istorijos klastojimo įrankis.
Šie teiginiai - Vladimiro Troščenkos.
Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów –
cykl esejów historycznych Pawła Jasienicy wydany w latach 1967–1972 przez Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
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