2015-05-24

Almost surely

In probability theory, one says that an event happens almost surely (sometimes abbreviated as a.s.) if it happens with probability one.[1] The concept is analogous to the concept of "almost everywhere" in measure theory. Although in many basic probability experiments there is no difference between almost surely and surely (that is, entirely certain to happen), the distinction is important in more complex cases relating to some sort of infinity. For instance, the term is often encountered in questions that involve infinite time, regularity properties or infinite-dimensional spaces such as function spaces

Basic examples of use include the law of large numbers (strong form) or continuity of Brownian paths.

The terms almost certainly (a.c.) and almost always (a.a.) are also used. 
Almost never describes the opposite of almost surely: an event that happens with probability zero happens almost never.

The law of large numbers!

Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance,finance and other industries and professions. 
The science has gone through revolutionary changes during the last 30 years due to the proliferation of high speed computers and the union of stochastic actuarial models with modern financial theory (Frees 1990).
Many universities have undergraduate and graduate degree programs in actuarial science. In 2010, a study published by job search website CareerCast ranked actuary as the #1 job in the United States (Needleman 2010).

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The law of large numbers and avoiding the Siren’s song.

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