The Reich Chancellery (German: Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1871 to 1945. The Chancellery's seat from 1875 was the former city palace of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833) on Wilhelmstraße in Berlin.
Рейхсканцлер (нем. Reichskanzler, буквально «канцлер империи», или «имперский канцлер») — официальное название должности главы правительства Германии в 1871—1945 годах (с перерывом в ноябре 1918 — августе 1919 гг.) [1]
Рейхсканцелярия (нем. Reichskanzlei) — традиционное название ведомства рейхсканцлера Германии с 1871 по 1945 год. Рейхсканцелярия располагалась в Берлине на Вильгельмштрассе 77, в бывшем дворце князя Антона Радзивилла, также известном как «Дворец Шуленбургов». Имперская канцелярия обосновалась в этом здании в 1871 году по настоянию Бисмарка. Это учреждение прежде всего отвечало за связь рейхсканцлера с империей и государственным аппаратом.
Дворец Радзивиллов в Берлине
В 1928—1930 годах была сооружена пристройка к зданию (спроектирована архитекторами Зидлером и Кишем).
В 1932—1933 годах дворец рейхсканцлера служил также временной служебной квартирой рейхспрезидента Гинденбурга в связи с тем, что в это время апартаменты Гинденбурга во Дворце рейхспрезидентаремонтировались.
В 1934—1935 годах в здании проведена реконструкция, созданы новые жилые и служебные помещения для Адольфа Гитлера.
Radvilos (lenkiškai paprastai save vadindavo Radziwiłłowie) – LDK didikų giminė, iškilusi XV a. ir išlikusi viena įtakingiausių iki LDK gyvavimo pabaigos XVIII a. pabaigoje.
Radvilos buvo viena turtingiausių Europos giminių, jie valdė 23 pilis, 426 miestus ir miestelius, 2032 dvarus, 10 053 kaimus.
Nuo 1547 m.* Radvilos, vieninteliai iš Lietuvos didikų giminių turėjo Šventosios Romos imperijos kunigaikščių titulą.
Mikołaj Radziwiłł Czarny otrzymuje od cesarza tytuł książęcy.
Barbora Radvilaitė.
Kieno gi Radvilos?
The Radziwiłł family (Polish pronunciation: [radʑiˈviw]; Lithuanian: Radvila; Belarusian: Радзівіл, Radzivił; German: Radziwill) was a powerful magnate family originating from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.[1] The descendants of Kristinas Astikas, a Lithuanian and a close associate of the 14th century Lithuanian ruler Vytautas, were highly prominent for centuries, first in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Prussia. The family has produced many individuals notable in Lithuanian, Belarusian, Polish, German (particularly Prussian) and general European history and culture.[2] The Radziwiłł family received the title of Reichsfürst (prince, Polish: książę, Lithuanian: kunigaikštis, Belarusian: князь, kniaź), from the Holy Roman Empire.
The Radziwiłł family is a directly descended branch of the extinct Lithuanian noble Astikai family line.[5] Its first notable member, Kristinas Astikas (born 1363), a close associate of the Lithuanian ruler Vytautas, became Castellan of Vilnius.[6] The patronym Radvila arose following its use by his son Radvila Astikas and grandson Mikalojus Radvila.[6] A legendary version of the patronym's etymology associates it with a child raised by wolves (rado vilko).[7] The name has been primarily written in, and recognized by, the polonized version and spelling for several centuries.
The family descends from Lithuanian bajorai-ducal courtiers who advanced considerably in the 15th century politics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Along with possessions of land near Kernavė, the family's traced place of origin, the Radziwiłł family also inherited the Trąby coat of arms.
Three of Mikalojus' sons, Mikołaj, Jan, and Jerzy, went on to become the progenitors of the three known Radziwiłł family lines.[8]
The Radziwiłł family divided by branch:
- the Goniądz-Meteliai line
- the Biržai-Dubingiai line
- the Nesvizh-Kletsk-Olyka line
The Goniądz-Meteliai line became extinct by the next generation as Mikołaj's descendants consisted of one male heir, Mikołaj III, who entered the priesthood and became the Bishop of Samogitia, thus bearing no known offspring to extend the line.
The Biržai-Dubingiai line was moderately more successful and produced some very notable state officials and politicians, but also became extinct after the death of Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł in 1695. The Nesvizh-Kletsk-Olyka line was the most successful and was further divided into smaller family lines in order to maintain clarity and specificity of descent and the passing of titles. Since the 18th century, all Radziwiłł family members have been descendants of this line. Three sons of Mikołaj "the Black", Mikołaj Krzysztof "Sierotka", Albrycht, and Stanisław "the Pious", are said to be the progenitors of the three smaller branches.[8] The branches are as follows:
- the Nesvizh line
- the older Kletsk line
- the Olyka line
Possibly both the Olyka and older Kletsk lines became extinct, the former in 1656 and the latter in 1690, but there are a lot of descendents in Europe, who had fled of the battles Russia-Poland, Poland-Sweden. The direct descendant of the Nesvizh line, Dominik Hieronim's son, Aleksander Dominik, was born before the marriage of his parents and formed the so-called Galician branch, which became extinct in 1938. The younger Kletsk line descends from Michał Hieronim, continued through his son Ludwik Mikolaj. The descendants of his other son, Antoni Henryk, formed the beginning of the so-called Ordynant branch. Other than the Ordynant branch, from the younger Kletsk line also descends the lesser titled branches of Szydłowiec and Połoneczka, as well as Dziatłava, Berdychiv, and Żyrmunów.[8] The younger Kletsk line has continued into the present day.
- the Nesvizh line
- the Galician line
- the younger Kletsk line
Radziwiłłowie (lit. Radvila, błr. Радзіві́лы) – najpotężniejszy litewski ród magnacki herbu własnego (Trąby Odmienne).
Radvilų pulko vėliavos...
Palaukim, kol Pranas garsiai pasakys, kodėl ir kaip 1515 metais Radvilos gavo tą titulą ir kas nutiko 1547-taisiais.
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