Psyche

PSYKHE (or Psyche) was the goddess of the soul, wife of Eros the god of love.


Psykhe was depicted in ancient mosaics as a butterfly winged goddess in the company of her husband Eros. Sometimes a pair of Pyskhai are portrayed, the second perhaps being their daughter Hedone (Pleasure).

Ilgainiui viskas pasikeitė.

psyche
1640s, "animating spirit," from L. psyche, from Gk. psykhe "the soul, mind, spirit, breath, life, the invisible animating principle or entity which occupies and directs the physical body" (personified as Psykhe, the lover of Eros), akin to psykhein "to blow, cool," from PIE base *bhes- "to blow" (cf. Skt. bhas-). The word had extensive sense development in Platonic philosophy and Jewish-influenced theological writing of St. Paul. In English, psychological sense is from 1910.

psychiatry
1846, from Fr. psychiatrie, from M.L. psychiatria, lit. "a healing of the soul," from Gk. psykhe- "mind" (see psyche) + iatreia "healing, care" (see -iatric). Psychiatrist first recorded 1890; the older name was mad-doctor (1703).

Na, su "mad" angluose nelabai aišku.

P.Gmc. *ga-maid-jan", o Gmc. pametė tą *ga-maid-jan" ir sako "verrückt", "gal", "gek".

Starting in the 5th century BC, mental disorders, especially those with psychotic traits, were considered supernatural in origin. This view existed throughout ancient Greece and Rome. Early manuals written about mental disorders were created by the Greeks. In the 4th century BC, Hippocrates theorized that physiological abnormalities may be the root of mental disorders. Religious leaders and others returned to using early versions of exorcisms to treat mental disorders which often utilized cruel, harsh, and barbarous methods.

The first psychiatric hospitals were built in the medieval Islamic world from the 8th century. The first was built in Baghdad in 705 AD, followed by Fes in the early 8th century, and Cairo in 800 AD. Unlike medieval Christian physicians who relied on demonological explanations for mental illness, medieval Muslim physicians relied mostly on clinical observations.

In 1656, Louis XIV of France created a public system of hospitals for those suffering from mental disorders, but as in England, no real treatment was being applied.

At the turn of 19th century, England and France combined only had a few hundred individuals in asylums. By the late 1890s and early 1900s, this number skyrocketed to the hundreds of thousands.

Kas nutiko tada, kad pamišėlių, nenormalių taip smarkiai padaugėjo?

Nenormalūs, kaip kategorija, neseniai ir atsiradę tebuvo.

Gal 1890-jų pabaigoj ir pirmaisiais 1900-siais anglų ir prancūzų sielovadininkai nustojo mišias laikyti, tai anie ir pamišo dėl to?

Kas ten žino, kaip ten buvo.

Bet sielą gydyti ėmėsi, labiausiai kūną kankindami.

Термин «психиатрия» предложен в 1803 г. немецким врачом Иоганном Кристианом Рейлем (нем. Johann Reil; 1759 — 1813)в его знаменитой книге «Рапсодии» (Rhapsodien. 1803, 2 изд. 1818), где, по характеристике Ю.В.Каннабиха, «изложены основы «настоящей психиатрии», т. е. (понимая это слово буквально) — лечения душевных болезней».

Ne soul, bet skull.

Этот термин В.А. Гиляровский называл анахронизмом, так как он предполагает существование души или психики как чего-то независимого от тела, чего-то, что может заболевать и что можно лечить само по себе.

O sovietmečiu sielos būti negalėjo.

Tai tada, senaisiais antikos laikais, buvo Psyche.

Meilės dievo žmona.

Dabar beliko psichė, psichas, psichai.

O senųjų graikų Psyche ištiko Demagogo likimas.

Tikėkim, kad mūsų žodžiui Siela šitaip nenutiks.

Pavyzdžiui mes, apibūdindami tuščią erdvę sakome: kambaryje nėra nė gyvos dvasios. Tuo tarpu anglų kalboje tai skamba – nobody. Kas tiesiogiai išvertus reiškia – jokio kūno.