A pontiff (from Latin pontifex) was, in Roman antiquity, a member of the most illustrious of the colleges of priests of the Roman religion, the College of Pontiffs. The term "pontiff" was later applied to any high or chief priest and, in Christian ecclesiastical usage, to a bishop and more particularly to the Bishop of Rome, the Pope or "Roman Pontiff".
The Pontifex Maximus (Latin, literally: "greatest pontiff") was the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome. This was the most important position in the ancient Roman religion, open only to patricians until 254 BC, when a plebeian first occupied this post. A distinctly religious office under the early Roman Republic, it gradually became politicized until, beginning with Augustus, it was subsumed into the Imperial office. Its last use with reference to the emperors is in inscriptions of Gratian (reigned 375–383) who, however, then decided to omit the words "pontifex maximus" from his title.
The word "pontifex" later became a term used for Christian bishops, including the Bishop of Rome, and the title of "Pontifex Maximus" was applied within the Roman Catholic Church to the Pope as its chief bishop. It is not included in the Pope's official titles, but appears on buildings, monuments and coins of popes of Renaissance and modern times.
Etymology
According to the usual interpretation, the term pontifex literally means "bridge-builder" (pons + facere); "maximus" literally means "greatest". This was perhaps originally meant in a literal sense: the position of bridge-builder was indeed an important one in Rome, where the major bridges were over the Tiber, the sacred river (and a deity): only prestigious authorities with sacral functions could be allowed to "disturb" it with mechanical additions. However, it was always understood in its symbolic sense as well: the pontifices were the ones who smoothed the "bridge" between gods and men (Van Haeperen).The interpretation of the word pontifex as "bridge-builder" was that of Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Marcus Terentius Varro, while Plutarch derived the word from Old Latin potis meaning a powerful or absolute master, while others took it to come from potis facere in the sense of "able to sacrifice". The last derivation is mentioned also by Varro, who rejected it, but it was the view of Pontifex Maximus Quintus Scaevola. Others have held that the word was originally pompifex (leader of public processions). The word pons originally meant "way" and pontifex would thus mean "maker of roads and bridges". Another opinion is that the word is a corruption of a similar-sounding but etymologically unrelated Etruscan word for priest.[citation needed] Yet another hypothesis considers the word as a loan from the Sabine language, in which it would mean a member of a college of five, from Osco-Umbrian ponte, five. This explanation takes into account the fact that the college was established by Sabine king Numa Pompilius and the institution is Italic: the expressions pontis and pomperias found in the Iguvine Tablets may denote a group or division of five or by five. The pontifex would thence be a member of a sacrificial college known as pomperia (Latin quinio).
The Roman title "Pontifex Maximus" was rendered in Greek inscriptions and literature of the time as "ἀρχιερεύς" (literally, "high priest"|) or by a more literal translation and order of words as "ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος" (literally, "greatest high priest". The term "ἀρχιερεύς" is used in the Septuagint text of the Old Testament and in the New Testament to refer to the Jewish high priest.
Silpnokai.
Ir Pontijaus Piloto nepaminėjo, tik pontifiką Popiežių.
Gal nepatogu matyt, kad ir Jėzų Kristų nukryžiavęs Judėjos valdytojas Pontijus, ir nukryžiuoto Jėzaus Kristaus bažnyčios valdytojas pontifikas?
Pontas.
Pontas (Πόντος – „jūra“) graikų mitologijoje – senovinis jūros dievas, jūros (gilumos) personifikacija. Jis yra Gajos ir Eterio sūnus, Žemės ir Dangaus. Pagal Hesiodo Teogoniją (116 eilutė) sakoma, kad Gaja išnešė Pontą iš savęs, be poravimosi. Hesiodui Pontas atrodė kažkas daugiau negu tik jūros personifikacija.
Pontas su Gaja buvo Nerėjo ir Taumo (pagarbus jūros „netikėtumas“), jūros baisybių protėvis, Forkino, Keto ir Euribijos tėvas.
Gaja - Žemė, Motina.
Pontas - senovinis, ikiolimpinis dievas.
Vietoj Eterio - Dzeusas, vietoj Gajos - Hera, o vietoj jūros dievo Ponto - Poseidonas.
Betgi tiltų vandeny statytojus ne poseidonifikais, o pontifikais vadinam.
Ponto jūra štai kur:
Mainetos, kurios mūsų gintarą pakeitė.
Kurias lydinčios palūkanos mus galop ir parklupdė, savo eksponentine galia.
Civilizatorių imperijos iš tos pusės ėjo.
Štai kokia griešnųjų griekų/graikų, 323 B.C.
Pontifikų ideologija irgi iš tos pačios pusės atkeliavo.
Romėnai su savo Pontifex Maximus vėlesni: 120 A.D..
Tai gal todėl Ponto mums nerodo, kad nepatogu teisybę mums rodyt, kildinant pontifiko titulą iš Ponto?
O gal nepatogu Pontą prisimint todėl, kad tuomet krieg-ščionybė ketvirta tampa tikėjimų sekoje, dievų panteone: Pontas, po jo Poseidonas, paskui, kaip matom, Pontifex Maximus laikai su savo dievais, o tik po to pontifiko Popiežiaus Vatikanas Vaticinijų kalvoje.
O gal kad niekam galvon neateitų pasakyti: понтишь, понтифик.
Pontos
Pontus veya Pontos (Πόντος , deniz), Yunan mitolojisinde yeryüzünün cisimleşmiş halini temsil eden tanrıça Gaia'nın meydana getirdiği, denizin kişileşmişi olan tanrıdır. Eski Yunanlılar "ho pontos" deyişi ile Akdeniz'i kast ederlerdi. Yine bir zamanlar kabaca şimdiki Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde kurulmuş olan devlete de Pontos Devleti (deniz devleti) dendiğini hatırlayalım.
Pranešimai
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